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ALKENES and POTASSIUM MANGANATE(VII)

This page looks at the reaction of the carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes such as ethene with potassium manganate(VII) solution (potassium permanganate solution). Oxidation of alkenes with cold dilute potassium manganate(VII) solution Experimental details Alkenes react with potassium manganate(VII) solution in the cold. The colour change depends on whether the potassium manganate(VII) is used under acidic or alkaline conditions. If the potassium manganate(VII) solution is acidified with dilute sulphuric acid, the purple solution becomes colourless. If the potassium manganate(VII) solution is made slightly alkaline (often by adding sodium carbonate solution), the purple solution first becomes dark green and then produces a dark brown precipitate. Chemistry of the reaction We'll look at the reaction with ethene. Other alkenes react in just the same way. Manganate(VII) ions are a strong oxidising agent, and in the first i...
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FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF IDEAL MIXTURES OF LIQUIDS

This page explains how the fractional distillation (both in the lab and industrially) of an ideal mixture of liquids relates to their phase diagram. This is the second page in a sequence of three pages. Important:   If you have come straight to this page from a search engine and are looking for simple factual information about fractional distillation, this is probably not the page for you! It deals with the theory behind fractional distillation. Again, if you have come straight to this page, you won't make much sense of it unless you first read the page about phase diagrams for ideal mixtures . You will find a link at the bottom of that page which will bring you back here again. Using the phase diagram On the last page, we looked at how the phase diagram for an ideal mixture of two liquids was built up. I want to start by looking again at material from the last part of that page. The next diag...
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