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PERIODICITY

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INTRODUCING HALOGENOALKANES (haloalkanes or alkyl halides)

What is the difference between alkyl halide and haloalkane? Why halogenoalkanes are generally more reactive than alkanes? What reacts with halogenoalkanes? Are halogenoalkanes more reactive than alkanes?


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PROPERTIES OF THE PERIOD 3 CHLORIDES

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PROPERTIES OF THE PERIOD 3 "HYDROXIDES"

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ESTERIFICATION

This page looks at esterification - mainly the reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids to make esters. It also looks briefly at making esters from the reactions between acyl chlorides (acid chlorides) and alcohols, and between acid anhydrides and alcohols. What are esters? Esters are derived from carboxylic acids. A carboxylic acid contains the -COOH group, and in an ester the hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group of some kind. We shall just be looking at cases where it is replaced by an alkyl group, but it could equally well be an aryl group (one based on a benzene ring). A common ester - ethyl ethanoate The most commonly discussed ester is ethyl ethanoate. In this case, the hydrogen in the -COOH group has been replaced by an ethyl group. The formula for ethyl ethanoate is: Notice that the ester is named the oppo...
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